a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

_____0,2<---0,4<----0,2<----0,2

=> m_Mg = 0,2.24 = 4,8 (g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{4,8}{8,8}.100\%=54,55\%\\\%MgO=\dfrac{8,8-4,8}{8,8}.100\%=45,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8,8-4,8}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂O

______0,1--->0,2

=> n_HCl = 0,2 + 0,4 = 0,6 (mol)

=> \(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{4}=0,15\left(l\right)\)

a/ PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ===> MgCl₂ + H₂

x 2x x x

Fe + 2HCl ===> FeCl₂ + H₂

y 2y y y

Gọi số mol Mg, Fe lần lượt là x, y

Lập các số mol theo phương trình

n_H2 = 8,96 / 22,4 = 0,4 mol

Theo đề ra, ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\begin{cases}24x+56y=12,8\\x+y=0,4\end{cases}\)=>\(\begin{cases}x=0,3\\y=0,1\end{cases}\)

=> m_Mg = 0,3 x 24 = 7,2 gam

mFe = 0,1 x 56 = 5,6 gam

b/ \(\sum nHCl\) = 0,8 mol

=> V_HCl = 0,8 / 2 = 0,4 lít = 400ml

c/ PTHH: MgCl₂ + 2NaOH ===> Mg(OH)₂ + 2NaCl

0,3 0,6 0,3

FeCl₂ + 2NaOH ===> Fe(OH)₂ + 2NaCl

0,1 0,2 0,1

=> \(\sum m\downarrow\) = 0,3 x ( 24 + 16 x 2 + 2) + 0,1 x ( 56 + 16 x 2 + 2) = 26,4 gam

a)

$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$MgO + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2O$

n Mg = n H2 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1(mol)

%m Mg = 0,1.24/6,4  .100% = 37,5%
%m MgO = 100% -37,5% = 62,5%

b)

=> n MgO = (6,4 - 0,1.24)/40  = 0,1(mol)

=> n H2SO4 = n Mg + n MgO = 0,2(mol)

=> C% H2SO4 = 0,2.98/200  .100% = 9,8%

c)

n MgSO4 = n Mg + n MgO = 0,2(mol)

Sau phản ứng : 

m dd = 6,4 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 206,2(gam)

C% MgSO4 = 0,2.120/206,2  .100% = 11,64%

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

_____0,2<---0,6<--------------0,3

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,2.27}{15,6}.100\%=34,615\%\\\%Al_2O_3=\dfrac{15,6-0,2.27}{15,6}.100\%=65,385\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{15,6-0,2.27}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Al₂O₃ + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂O

______0,1--->0,6

=> n_HCl = 0,6+0,6 = 1,2(mol)

=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{1,2}{2}=0,6\left(l\right)\)

Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

          0.2                     0.1

FeO + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2O

 0.1       0.2

a.\(nH2=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1mol\)

\(\%mFe=\dfrac{0.1\times56\times100}{12.8}=43.8\%\)

\(\%mFeO=100-43.8=56.2\%\)

b.\(nFeO=\dfrac{12.8-\left(0.1\times56\right)}{56+16}=0.1mol\)

\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.2+0.2}{2}=0.2l\)

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂  + H₂ (1)

Al₂O₃ + 6HCl  →  2AlCl₃  + 3H₂O (2)

nH₂ = 2,8/22,4 = 0,125 mol 

Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng (1) => nMg = nH₂ = 0,125 mol

<=> mMg = 0,125 .24 = 3 gam và mAl₂O₃ = 8,1 - 3 =5,1 gam

%mMg = \(\dfrac{3}{8,1}\).100% = 37,03% => %mAl₂O₃ = 100 - 37,03 = 62,97%

b) nAl₂O₃ = \(\dfrac{5,1}{102}\)= 0,05 mol

=> nHCl pư = 2nMg + 6nAl₂O₃ = 0,55 mol

mHCl = 0,55.36,5 = 20,075 gam

=> mdung dịch HCl 18% = \(\dfrac{20,075}{18\%}\)= 111,53 gam

2CH3COOH+CaCO3-to>(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2

0,4-----------------0,2----------------------------------------0,2

2CH3COOH+CaO->(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O

0,1----------------0,05

n CO2=0,2 mol

=>%m CaCO3=\(\dfrac{0,2.100}{22,8}100=87,72\%\)

=>%m CaO=12,28%

=>n CaO=0,05 mol

=>VCH3COOH=\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)

a)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaCO₃ + 2CH₃COOH --> (CH₃COO)₂Ca + CO₂ + H₂O

                0,2<---------0,4<------------------------------0,2

=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{22,8}=87,72\%\\\%m_{CaO}=100\%-87,72\%=12,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{22,8-20}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaO + 2CH₃COOH --> (CH₃COO)₂Ca + H₂O

            0,05---->0,1

=> \(V_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1+0,4}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{a}{60}\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{1,5a}{46}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH --H₂SO_4(đ),t^o--> CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{60}}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{1,5a}{46}}{1}\) => HIệu suất tính theo CH₃COOH

\(n_{CH_3COOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(H=\dfrac{\dfrac{1,2a}{88}}{\dfrac{a}{60}}.100\%=81,82\%\)

Chất rắn ko tan là Cu

Đặt \(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 24x+27y=13-4=9(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,45(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,15(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ a,\%_{Cu}=\dfrac{4}{13}.100\%=30,77\%\\ \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13}.100\%=27,69\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-30,77\%-27,69\%=41,54\%\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=0,9(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45(l)\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

             \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=2\left(g\right)\)

mg+2hcl-> mgcl2+ h2

mgo+2hcl->mgcl2+ h2o

đặt nmg=a, nmgo=b

theo bài ra và theo pthh ta có hệ:

24a+40b=4,4

a=2,24/22,4

=> a=0,1, b=0,05

-> %m Mg=0,1*24/4,4*100=54,54%

%m MgO=100-54,54=45,45%